Euthanasia argumentative essay free essay sample

Willful extermination which is otherwise called benevolence killing has been articulated legitimate in numerous nations in the current day world. Killing includes ending the life of patients to ease torment and enduring; which got grievous. Willful extermination isn't grasped by everybody, as certain individuals will in general conflict with it on the grounds of religion and ethical quality. As much as the willful extermination process effortlessly executes an individual, the duty of choosing who kicks the bucket and who lives ought not be left in the possession of a specialist. It is good commitment for people and the general public all in all (counting the specialists) to ensure human life, along these lines killing ought not be sanctioned. Human life has extraordinary worth , and along these lines ought to be saved in every single imaginable ways paying little mind to the conditions, â€Å" in any event, when demise is unavoidable agonizing it isn't viewed as forgiving to endorse an over portion to a malignant growth casualty without wanting to, or go to tenderly cover a resting Alzheimer’s patient† ( Douthat Dr. We will compose a custom paper test on Killing pugnacious exposition or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Kevorkian’s casualties). Specialists are the ones whom individuals endow their lives at whatever point there is some kind of problem with them. Individuals should comprehend the holiness of human life, and realize that the life of a guiltless person should never be deliberately put to an end. This ought to apply free of whether a proposed treatment will have any kind of anticipated beneficial impact on the personal satisfaction of the patient. Willful extermination isn't that not the same as murder since the two of them include executing an individual. Likewise, as much as the patients decision is to be values, wiped out people may not be in position to clarify choices on whether to take their life or not, â€Å"there can be so such thing as deliberate willful extermination, or, at any rate, that we have no way to guarantee that the patients solicitation to bite the dust was not compelled† (Campbell An issue for the intentional killing). This follows from the way that the people are not reasonable enough to settle on legitimized choices to the best of their inclinations, and subsequently it is uncalled for to end the lives of such individuals. The specialists ought not go rogue. Another contention against killing would be that it debilitates endeavors to enhance fixes and medicines, â€Å"I will apply to serve the wiped out, all estimates that are required maintaining a strategic distance from those twin snares of over treatment and the helpful nihilism†Ã‚ (Lasagna Hippocratic Oath). The murdering of an individual is carefully against the Hippocratic Oath, and the specialists should attempt their best to fix the patients. Numerous individuals with serious illnesses have considered willful extermination. Their families don't need them to experience the torment any more. Infections can be relieved that couldn't have been restored numerous years prior due to the propelling innovation. Innovation is developing at a disturbing rate; it would most likely discover a solution for the patient’s disease later on. Having the ability to slaughter is excessively. Specialists would have an excessive amount of intensity by having the lawful option to slaughter somebody. Regardless of whether the patient and family settle on the choice, the specialist is as yet the one to do it. Specialists commit errors, they are human as well. If specialists somehow managed to commit an error and murder somebody when the individual ought not have expected to pass on there is no hope, the patient is as of now dead. It would then be taken as second degree murder which is killing somebody without expectation to do it. â€Å"The moral case for helped self destruction depends considerably more on our regard for people groups own longing to bite the dust than on our compassion toward their overwhelming ailments. In the event that taking an interest in a self destruction is legitimately and morally adequate, at the end of the day, it can’t simply be on the grounds that disease is severe and dementia is dehumanizing.† (Douthat Dr. Kevorkian’s Victims)Life is holy and each individual is esteemed. Life is something to be thankful for, and individuals need to go out and live it since people are conceived on purpose. Life is a worth, and if people don’t regard what is esteemed those individuals are viewed as a wolf in sheep's clothing. Individuals are given an actual existence and are required to live it. On the off chance that willful extermination is sanctioned than self destruction ought to likewise be. In conclusion, willful extermination is done to an individual with his assent, and is accomplished for clinical reasons, however individuals don't stop there they need to be euthanized for passionate and physical weights as well. â€Å"When the Detroit free press researched Dr. Kevorkian’s practice in 1997, it was established that 60% of these he helped were not at death's door. In a few cases, examinations uncovered no anatomical proof of the disease† (Douthat Dr. Kevorkian’s casualties). Individuals or specialists cannot choose to end somebodys life just to complete what he is experiencing. Individuals identified with the patient need to take a stab at everything conceivable to spare his life, and diminish the agony. Willful extermination is unethical and against the human connections. In t he event that a patients enduring as a result of a disease and his PCP said to him that it is better for him to pass on. That individual may put it all on the line since he endures excessively and hisâ doctor said that it is better. Murder resembles the automatic willful extermination, as one take someone’s existence without his assent. In the event that willful extermination was lawful, killers would state that they murdered an individual in light of willful extermination with all due respect. A few people may contend that individuals with so much ailments as disease ought to be permitted to pick their season of death. â€Å"When individuals become as sick with no possibility of fix and just agony and weariness on the offing, it is very lawful to end one’s life by deliberate euthanasia.† (Cramer Euthanasia was the correct choice for my significant other). Passing isn't generally a terrible thing. A few people would prefer to pass on than endure. It probably won't be awful for the individual biting the dust yet it will consistently poorly affect another person. In the event that a killer were to be executed, the killer is normally abhorred by most the world, however the killer despite everything had somebody that once cherished them. Diseases do make families sadness and to endure, yet in the event that humankind began to put stock in confidence once more, perhaps willful extermination would need to importance, since individuals simply need trust. There is no sort of homicide that is lenient. In the event that we keep on leaving willful extermination alone observed as an empathetic slaughtering, than others will feel they reserve the privilege to play out this sort of murdering also. Any individual who murders will be rebuffed for the explanation that the word murder has everlasting significance. Willful extermination conflicts with all the ethics of today’s society so it ought to never be authorized.

Comparison Buying a Home vs. Renting an Apartment Research Paper

Correlation Buying a Home versus Leasing an Apartment - Research Paper Example Leasing is an understanding where an installment is made for the transitory utilization of a decent or property claimed by someone else or organization (Answers, 2009). Leasing understanding are well known in the United States since they are a less expensive approach to acquire a home or loft. An individual that rents doesn't need to pay any property charges since they are not the proprietors of the home. Rent understandings for lofts or homes commonly are finished paperwork for a period range of one year. An individual that leases a loft benefits in others, for example, having incredible adaptability. On the off chance that an individual doesn't care for the spot, they can move out into another leased condo after the term of the rent terminates. Another bit of leeway of leasing is that an individual doesn't must have great credit so as to fit the bill for the rent. FICO ratings and standing are once in a while a piece of the leasing understanding procedure. We are living in some extreme monetary occasions. The joblessness rate in the United States has arrived at an astounding 9.5% (Bls, 2009). At the point when individuals lose their positions now and then it is difficult to pay a home loan. An individual that leases can move better during hard financial occasions. An individual that leases has the choice of leaving the spot and moving in with family members until they financially recover. A tenant contract is momentary duty, in this way it gives an individual greater adaptability to the extent having the option to move simpler. In spite of the numerous preferences of renting, there are additionally significant cons related with leasing. An individual that pays lease is continually offering cash to another person without the advantage of receiving any monetary awards consequently. At the point when an individual rents they are fundamentally taking care of another tab, in this way leasing could be ordered as a sort of cost. Purchasing a house is a totally extraordinary suggestion. Â

40 Questions That Can Build Intimacy in a Relationship

40 Questions That Can Build Intimacy in a Relationship More in Relationships Spouses & Partners Marital Problems LGBTQ Violence and Abuse Intimacy in the marriage or partner relationship  can seem to suffer when our families are at their busiest, whether its just the two of you or youre chauffeuring kids around all over town.  Its hard to find time to strengthen love when were running  to work, scouts, business meetings, soccer, piano lessons, and family and community events. By the end of the day, were usually exhausted. By the end of the week, that date night we might have planned tends to get swapped for vegging out in front of the TV and binge-watching the latest show on Netflix. While this is totally fineâ€"in fact, its a pretty normal stage of lifeâ€"remember when you were dating? The way you hung on each others every word? How you wanted to know everything you could about each other? We all know you cant exactly recreate that feelingâ€"after all, youve been living with this person for however many years and so the mystery is pretty much gone (thank you, bathroom habits and childbirth). Its definitely easy to get so caught up in the mundane rhythms of life that you sort of lose track of each other and who youre each becoming. That other person you knew so well can start to look like a stranger when you dont take the time to live in each others worlds and connect. 1:50 Questions and Tips For Building Intimacy In Your Relationship Questions to Build Intimacy Studies have shown that communication and self-disclosure can help to build intimacy in marital relationships.?? Simply taking the time to chat with your spouse or loved one can make your bond stronger. In contrast, lack of communication can signal marital problems. Researchers have long known that when couples dont communicate effectively, troubles may arise.?? If youre feeling distant from your partner or spouse, and even if youre not, try taking some time to talk about your answers to the following questions the next time you find yourselves relaxing on the couch or finally stumbling into bed, even if you just go through one or two here and there. You may find that the frank discussions that can result will help you and your partner grow closer and get to know each other even better. If you could choose anyone in the world, living or dead, to have in our home as a dinner guest, who would you choose and why?If you could choose the activities to do that would make a perfect day, what would you choose?If you had a crystal ball that could tell you anything at all about your life that you don’t already know, what would you ask it to tell you?Whats your favorite childhood memory?What are the ten most important things on your personal bucket list?When did you last cry about something and what did you cry about?If you could wake up tomorrow morning with one new skill or ability, what would you choose?What do you like best about our relationship?Whats something that youd like to try, but that youre too scared to try?If all of your friends were asked to describe you, which friend’s description would be the most accurate and why?What was your favorite book (or movie) as a child and why did you like it so much?Whats the one thing about yourself that you would most like t o change?What would be your dream vacation?What are three qualities you admire about yourself?What are three qualities you admire about me?Whats one of your best memories from when we were dating?What was your favorite place to go as a child and why did you love it there?If you could be any character in a book (or movie), who would you choose to be?If all of a sudden you knew that you had 6 weeks left to live, what would you want to do in the time you had left?What  three things in your life could  you not imagine doing without?Lets say that our house is on fire, but you know that our family members and pets are safe.  What things would you want to rescue from the fire and why?If someone gave you enough money to start a businessâ€"no strings attachedâ€"what kind of business would you want to start?What are the five things that you are most thankful for right now?If you could possess one artistic talent (painting, sculpture, composing music, writing, etc.), which talent would you cho ose and why?If you could be an Olympic or professional athlete, what sport would you choose and why?Do you see yourself in our kid(s)? If so, how?When you were a kid, did you think about having kids yourself one day? If so, how many and what did you imagine doing with them?Whats one of the most adventurous things you have ever done?If you could have been an eyewitness to any event in history, which one would you choose?What do you dream about the most often?Which of your parents do you think youre most like and why?What was the first thing about me that attracted you?What do you like most about your appearance?Over the last five years, how do you think you have changed?If you could take a year-long paid sabbatical, what would you do?If you had to guess right now, what do you think our kid(s) would choose as a career someday and why?When you think about the future, what do you imagine?When you listen to music, do you focus on the words or the music?Do you learn new skills or informat ion best by hearing, seeing, or doing?If you could plan the perfect date with me, what would that include? 7 Ways Men Can Grow Intimacy in Marriage

Feminism Social Work - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 19 Words: 5671 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category People Essay Type Argumentative essay Tags: Gender Roles Essay Social Work Essay Did you like this example? The emergence of feminism and its impact on social work practice This research considers the application of feminist thought in social work practise. Specific areas of consideration include the gap from social workers personal acceptance of feminist constructs and their use of such constructs in daily practise, the effects of perpetuation of hegemonic gender roles by social workers, and domestic violence victims perceptions of the effectiveness of social work based on the perspectives of their social workers as considered above. This research further describes a focus group of college social work students who are also domestic violence victims.. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Feminism Social Work" essay for you Create order It records their perceptions of social workers worldviews and the impact of such on service. Conclusions include that there is significant gap between the understanding or acceptance of feminist constructs amongst social workers and its application in daily field practise, that social workers are often likely to perpetuate hegemonic gender roles, and because of such perpetuation view domestic violence situations as individual occurrences rather than part of a greater societal pattern of oppression, and that domestic violence survivors feel best served when work with them uses a feminist theoretical framework. Introduction Feminism and social work have been associated for many years; however, although many social workers personally espouse working from a feminist perspective, the systems of social work still favour work from a traditional or patriarchal perspective. This research, therefore, seeks to first consider findings from previous study regarding this phenomenon and the theoretical frameworks for both social work and feminist thought. In this light of information gleaned from these findings, it became apparent that hegemonic gender roles, a common topic of feminist research, play a relevant part in work with survivors of domestic violence. Specifically, domestic violence survivors are often directed, either explicitly or implicitly, that their situation is personal and should be considered and dealt with from a personal and pathological perspective rather than applying the tenets of feminist thought that view such situations as manifestations of structural and power problems in our greater society. This study then seeks to document whether this gap between social work theory supportive of feminist worldviews and social work application of practise exists, and if so, how prevalent a gap it is. This is accomplished through use of a focus group of college students, all of whom have taken at least one course in social work theory and are themselves domestic violence survivors who have been served, to whatever level of quality, by social workers. Discussions within the focus group involved ideas of gender roles and social worker advocacy of hegemonic gender roles, whether explicit or implicit. The focus group then built on this foundation to consider group participants experiences with social workers and whether they presented an individual / pathological perspective of domestic violence, or whether they presented a perspective that consider the wider influence of society and its systems. This was further related to the effect of such perceptions on the understanding of and service to group participants at the time of intervention. Literature Review Feminism has emerged in the past thirty years as a viable worldview. Dietz (2000), quoting Bunch (1980), defined feminism as transformational politics that aims at the dismantling of all permanent power hierarchies in which one category of humans dominates or controls another category of humans (372). In the feminist and empowerment traditions, the personal is political, and individual change and social change are seen as interdependent (Deitz 2000,372). Feminism contends it is not adequate to simply include women in the worlds political and power systems, as these were designed by and for men and therefore favour a highly masculinised mechanism for responding to issues and require women working within these systems to-do the same (Scott 1988, Moylan 2003). Simply including women is not enough; society must give womens experiences equal time and consideration, eventually recasting the very meanings of the topics it considers (Scott 1988). Rather, feminism argues women must be engaged in both the system development and decision-making processes that shape our society (Moylan 2003). Consequently, one area where feminism has particularly challenged traditional views is in the area of gender roles. For example, Dominelli and McLeod (1989) examine the way in which social problems are defined, recognising gender as particularly important in understanding client groups, and stress egalitarian relationships between therapists and clients. Gender is also an important consideration of social work due to the patriarchal society that still dominates most of our world. This power framework rests on a basis of hegemonic masculinity (Cohn and Enloe 2003). Connell (1995) created the term hegemonic masculinity to describe the valued definition of manhood in a society. He argues that whilst there are multiple possible masculinities in a culture, only one or a few are most valued or considered ideal (Connell 1995). This gender definition is constructed both in relation to femininity and to other, subordinated masculinities, and is used to justify both mens domination of women, and the hegemonic ally masculine mans power over other men (Cohn and Weber 1999). Whilst women are increasingly being included in world systems, the systems themselves still were designed for and operate by and for men. Therefore, women who participate within the system must do so from male paradigm, even if it is sometimes at odds with their own preferences for how to go about dealing with a situation (Cohn and Enloe 2003). Feminism historically is a critique of male supremacy, the belief that gender order was socially constructed and could not be changed (Cott1989,205). Masculinity is often defined as what is not feminine, and femininity as what is not masculine, although understanding the dynamics of one requires considering both the workings of the other and the relationship and overlap between the two (Cohn and Enloe 2003). Masculine definitions are often based on strength, domination and violence, whilst feminine on weakness, nurturing, compassion and passitivity (Rabrenovic and Roskos 2001). The result is pressure omen adhering to a hegemonic definition of masculinity to view forms of addressing conflict other than a physical or masculine response as feminine and a threat to their manhood (Moylan 2003). The popular concept of gender holds that masculinity and femininity are unchanging expressions based on the chromosomal male and female bodies (Butler 1990). Gender is assumed to be hard-wired, at least in part (Hawkesworth 1997). Masculine actions and desires for men and feminine actions and desires for women alone are normal, these masculine and feminine traits are not a matter of choice, and all individuals can be classified as one or the other (Hawkesworth 1997). However, whilst our society men are considered strong and dominant, and women passive and nurturing, the meanings of male and female bodies differ from one culture to another, and change (even in our own culture) over time (Connell 1993, 75). For example, there have been periods in Western history when the modern convention that men suppress displays of emotion did not apply at all, when men were effusive to their male friends and demonstrative about their feelings(Connell 1993, 75). Masculinities and felinities are constructed or accomplished in social processes such as child rearing, emotional and sexual relationships, work and politics (Connell 1993, 75). Feminism, however, contends gender is a constructed by each culture, and as a social practice involves the incorporation of specific symbols, which support or distort human potential (Hawkesworth 1997). Gender is created through discursively constrained per formative acts, and the repetition of these acts over time creates gender for the individual in society (Butler 1990, x). People learn to act like women or men are supposed to; women are taught to behave in a feminine manner, men are taught to act in a masculine manner. This is often reinforced by authority figures, such as social workers. Barnes (2003)cites a number of studies which find social workers often assume the disciplinary gaze of notions of what and how to be woman, perpetuating traditional gender roles (149). Armed with rigid codes of gender appropriate behaviours, social workers often sought to regulate and mediate womens interactions with the social, economic, and political world (Barns 2003, 149). Feminism and social work share a number of similarities. Both believe in the inherent worth and dignity of all persons, the value of process over product, the appreciation of unity-diversity, the importance of considering the person-in- environment, and a commitment to personal empowerment and active participation in society as a means to bring about meaningful social change (Barrette 2001, 266-267). Similarly, both feminism and social work address multiple approaches to handling situations, challenging the institutionalized oppression common in manpower structures and supporting the reconceptualization and redistribution of that power (Barrette 2001, 267). It follows that one impact of feminism on social work practise is the consideration of issues from a societal rather than personal perspective. For example, this might include viewing a domestic violence situation not from the perspective that the family is dysfunctional, but from the perspective of the society that created the family. The psychology-based focus of clinical social work often leads to individualizing social problems, rather than to viewing themes the result of relations of power, primarily oppression and abuse(Deitz 2000, 369). As such, individuals experiencing such difficulties are taught that their particular experiences are inappropriate, rather than addressing the systems that created the difficulties in the first place (Deitz 2000, 369). Nominally and McLeod (1989) re-evaluate social work practice from feminist perspective, considering the functions of social work such as therapy, community interaction, and policy making not from pathological standpoint but from one of defined roles endorsed by societal conditions. As such, they contend that working from feminist perspective allows the social worker to address the causes of social issues, rather than the symptoms played out in individuals lives (Nominally and McLeod 1989). One area of difference in social work practise between those operating from a feminist framework and a traditional framework is the concept of distance. Traditionally, the patriarchal bias against relationality and connection is intended to lead to connection without harm, love without power abuse, touching without sexual abuse in psychotherapy(Deitz 2000, 377). Unfortunately, in practise it often results in power over relationships where those receiving services feel less than those providing them. Healing happens when someone feels seen, heard, held, and empowered, not when one is interpreted, held at distance, and pathologies (Deitz 2000, 377). Deitz (2000) finds that social workers often institutionalize a power over stance from professional training and discourse that constructs the identities of clients as somehow disordered, dysfunctional or impaired. Whether between parents and children; physicians and patients; social workers and consumers of services; Whites and Blacks; or heterosexuals and lesbians, gays, bisexuals, and transgendered persons, power over relationships give the dominant partners or group the right to define the meanings of subordinates experiences (including their resistance)and thus their opportunities for self-affirmation (Deitz 2000,373).This creates professional relationships that ignore the environmental, historical, and social contexts of the problem, discount peoples strengths and resilience in assessment and intervention, and lead to the objectification of people as diagnoses, rather than to empowerment (Deitz 2000, 370). The keys to empowerment in feminist micro practice are reconnection and transformation through political activity; survivors of oppression and abuse experience reconnection through relationships based on mutuality, collaboration, and trustworthiness (Deitz 2000, 376). Theories from social work, psychology, and particularly developmental psychology describe empowerment as primarily a process, with the personal transformation of the individual becoming empowered at its foundation (Carr 2003, 8). Barriers to empowerment and problems of disenfranchisement caused by powerlessness are primarily political, rather than psychological. Powerlessness is defined as the inability to effectively manage ones emotions, knowledge, skills, or resources; it is derived from the absence of external supports and the existence of ontological power blocks that become incorporated into a persons development (Carr 2003, 13). As such, many survivors also work to reconnect to others in their communities, often seeking political activity that emphasizes the empowerment of others, such as by organizing Take Back the Night marches or speak-outs, volunteering for crisis hot lines, seeking legislative changes, or becoming social workers or human service professionals (Deitz 2000, 376). For example, feminist work with abuse survivors emphasizes the relationship between abuse and oppressive social relations (Deitz 2000,374). On the other hand, the dominant clinical social work approach to oppression and abuse relocates the problem of oppression in victims. Psychological theories are typically employed, which locates pathology in individuals, rather than in oppressive relationships and systems, and considers the long-term effects of oppression to be symptoms of individual pathology (Deitz 2000, 374). Unfortunately, whilst many social workers have been exposed to or even personally support operating from a feminist framework, the systems in which they work prevent them from actively utilising feminist insight in their daily practise. Research Plan This research seeks to study the prevalence and impact of traditional and feminist practitioner constructs from the perspective of those served. Specifically, a focus group study will be conducted with a group of college students, all of whom are currently studying social work and therefore have some concept regarding social work practice, feminist and traditional worldviews. In addition, all students in the focus group will have experienced domestic violence and have been provided the services of a social worker in some form during their teenage years. Three areas of discussion will be undertaken by the group. These will be provided to individual group participants in writing several days before the group in order for students to have time to consider what they would like to share regarding their opinions and own experiences. The first group activity will involve creating definitions of masculine and feminine from the perspective of a typical social worker based on the students teenage experiences. Students will then be asked to discuss where, if at all, they personally feel they and their family members who were involved in the domestic violence situation(s) fit regarding these preconceived definitions. It is anticipated some students will have been uncomfortable with societal constraints they or their family experienced as teenagers. As all are studying social work, they are also anticipated to make more connections between societal power issues, hegemonic gender roles, and their influence on domestic violence than a focus group without such background. The third area of discussion will centre on how the students perceptions of their social worker(s) understanding of gender roles influenced their and their families reception of adequate service. The researcher will both tape record and take notes on the group discussions. Data gathered from the group will then be compiled and analysed. In addition, students from the focus group will be given the option to write a response to the group activity, if they so desire. These will be further included in the group data. Methodology Data collection involved four means. Prior to the group starting, each participant was given a questionnaire (see Appendix 3) to gather basic demographic information. The questionnaire also asked for brief summary of their abusive situation. Regarding data collection of the group proceedings, as described above the focus group session was tape-recorded and the researcher took notes to supplement the recording of group discussion. The recorded sessions were then transcribed into print form, with research notes added in at the chronologically appropriate points of the transcription to provide a more complete written overview of the focus group discussion. In addition, group participants had an option to write a response the group to be included in the group data. Four participants wrote responses, which were considered with the group data following analysis of the focus group discussion. Participants were provided with the three areas of group discussion several days prior to the actual focus group meeting. They were not given any directions or guidance regarding the optional written responses to the group activity. Data analysis first involved dividing and coding group data. Responses to the first topic of discussion were divided into three categories: those representing a traditional worldview, those representing feminist worldview, and those that did not clearly represent either worldview. From these groupings, overall findings regarding the worldviews typically experienced by the group participants were summarised. This was then further compared with the definitions of traditional gender roles identified by the group. Data from the second topic of discussion were also broken down into those representing a traditional worldview, those representing feminist worldview, and those that did not clearly represent either worldview. It was important to then note participant perceptions and emotional responses to these coding, and in which worldview grouping they and their families were reported to feel best served and empowered. Data from the specific discussion regarding service were then similarly analysed, and combined with previous findings to present a picture of the impact of traditional versus feminist worldviews on social work practise, emphasising work with teenage domestic violence survivors and their understanding of gender roles in society. It was anticipated at the conclusion of such research, a view could be asserted as to whether feminist perspective has a significant impact on the practise of social work as it is currently undertaken and whether this impact, if any, leads to improved service. As the focus group involved a relatively small number of participants(nine total) and data from their interactions were primarily qualitative in nature, it was decided not to perform any complex statistical analysis on focus group data. It was felt that such types of analysis would neither reveal findings that could be considered statistically significant nor provide a more accurate understanding of the issues under consideration than a more qualitative analytical approach. In consideration of space and relevance portions of the discussion were used to support conclusions in the findings and analysis sections of this dissertation, whilst an overall summary of the most relevant portions of the discussion are included in Appendix2. Implementation Project Nine students meeting the criteria laid out in the research plan agreed to participate in the focus group. They were primarily organised by one group participant, who had discovered other domestic violence survivors through classroom discussions and through participation in a survivors group in the local community. All nine students were currently studying social work or had taken at least one social work course as part of a related course of study, such as education or criminal justice. There were six women and three men, ranging in age from nineteen to twenty-seven. Racially, seven were Caucasian, one was Black, and one was Asian. All present as coming from upper working class to middle class backgrounds. All had experienced domestic violence as teenagers, making their experiences fairly recent and therefore providing a relatively current depiction of social work practise. Five students (three women, two men) had been removed from their biological parents at some point during their teenage years. All had been involved in interventions into the family by a social worker representing either a government organisation, or in the case of one woman, a local church. Some of the participants previously knew each other and were somewhat aware of each others experiences, which should be considered in group analysis. Five regularly participated in a survivors support group in the community. One man and one woman were cousins. In addition, two of the men had known each other as teenagers from intervention through the school system. Jennifer, a twenty-four year-old Caucasian woman, was chosen to be the moderator, as she had been the one who had assisted the researcher by arranging for most of the participants to become involved in the study. The group then moved almost immediately into discussion of the topics provided. The group had been provided a whiteboard for its use, which Jennifer implemented to organise individual comments and ideas. It is surmised that the easy manner with which the group undertook the discussion was based on the fact that they were all students and therefore used to having study groups, group discussions, and the like, and that all of them had at least publicly shared their experiences previously, either as part of a classroom discussion or survivors group, or both, and were therefore more comfortable in engaging in such discussion than might be typical for a focus group dealing with such experiences. Findings and Analysis The first finding of this research is that the majority of social workers in service or domestic violence survivors to not consistently employ feminist constructs in practise, despite the likelihood of having been exposed to such constructs. This manifested itself in three significant ways. First, families were overwhelming dealt with as individuals with problems. That is, the abuser was described as making poor choices or having some type of pathological issues that led to his or her decision to abuse (in one participants family, both parents were abusive). As such, the abuser was described from psychoanalytical standpoint by the social worker(s), and his or her behaviour labelled as individually deviant. The survivors of the domestic violence situations, particularly them others, as the majority of abusers from the groups experiences were male family members or boyfriends of the mother, were also reported tube consistently dealt with from an individual perspective. In this sense, their behaviour was also reported to be categorised by the social workers involved as unhealthy, pathological, and coming from some sort of unresolved personal issues, such as low self-esteem. In the case of only one participant did the social workers involved in either intervention or therapy consistently relate the domestic violence situation to broader issues of oppression, societal power structures and the related hegemonic gender roles, or patriarchal norms of society. It is of note that this participant received service from progressive women-helping-women organisation, rather than a traditional government-organised social work programme. Group participants also repeatedly described their family situations as unhealthy, and they certainly were, but from the perspective that both the abuser and abused were reacting or displaying emotion inappropriately, rather than that the motivation or norming behind the behaviour was at fault. For example, Trent described his mother as drawn to violent, alcoholic men. She always seemed to go for these guys that didnt know how to express anything except by breaking stuff, yelling, hitting, you know. His further descriptions of his mothers boyfriends indicated an assumption that if these men had been raised with or taught proper means of dealing with their frustrations and emotions, the abuse to him and his mother would have been lessened or eliminated. This idea was supported by at least one social worker, who suggested counselling for Trent, his mother, and the then boyfriend as one possible way of addressing the abusive situation. Several participants did bring feminist theory and thought into group discussion, pointing out, for example, that dominance or aggression by men in any form was unhealthy, and questioning why it was only seen as unhealthy by most of the social workers they had encountered, and bothers they knew in the community, when physical violence was actually involved. There was a related discussion, albeit brief, about the unwillingness of neighbours, relatives, and others in the community, such as members of the same church, to intervene in the domestic violence situation. Participants indicated their perception that whilst this was often due to a fear of getting involved or knowing how to help the situation, there were repeated occurrences in everyones experience where an unwillingness to intervene derived from others implications that the man of the house had some right to choose the way in which the household operated, or that he had a right to discipline his wife /girlfriend and children as he saw fit. Wendy reports hearing an aunt state Well, its his family, their kids, she wants to stay with him, and dismiss the on-going violence as therefore an acceptable family lifestyle, or at least one in which none of the rest of the family should be expected to intervene. Participants then acknowledged this and several other systemic situations that perpetuated their abuse, such as reluctance of authority figures to continue questioning when initially told nothing was wrong, and unwillingness of police to intervene repeatedly. Similarly, regarding gender roles, discussion indicated a belief by most participants that their social workers believed a traditional stereotype of what was appropriate behaviour for a man and a woman, and that these behaviours were different. There were reports of acceptance of physical response as an appropriate masculine reaction, but the level of physical response not being considered appropriate. Male participants were encouraged to talk about their experiences, but report never being given permission to express fear, or an emotional response such as crying. One male participant reported starting to cry as part of a group experience, and being discouraged rather than encouraged to continue, whilst female members of the group were allowed to and even supported in such emotional expression. There were similar reports of various hegemonic ally feminine expressions, such as crying, fear, and nurturing behaviours, being supported and encouraged by social workers for male family members but not female, as well as an acceptance or assumption of weakness on the part of adult females who chose to remain in an abusive situation. The discussion then moved to the effect of traditional and feminist perspective on social work service. Participants overwhelmingly reported feeling better served when social workers sought to empower them and their families. This did usually involve practise of methods derived from a feminist view, such as the use of reflective journaling and support groups, as well as encouragement from the social workers tithe mother that she could, indeed, survive and prosper outside the domestic violence situation, that she did have the inner reserves to address the situation and move to a healthier lifestyle, and that societal pressure to be with a man, either as a romantic partner or as a father / father-figure for children was not necessary for successful life. Participants also report feeling personally empowered by such encouragement, and therefore able to support their mothers in attempts to leave relationships. From their own study in social work theory, focus group participants were able to briefly discuss the ramifications of the patriarchal societal power structure on a womans decision to stay in a violent situation. One issue brought up included the perception that society will view a woman as a failure and undesirable if she does not have aromatic relationship with a man in her life. A number of women participants in the group reported feeling similar pressure to maintain romantic relationship with a man in their life, regardless of their other commitments or interests, and an expectation that they would not be successful women if they did not ultimately get married and have children. When questioned by other participants, the three male participants reported not feeling such pressures. Another issue raised was the mothers perception that they needed a father figure to successfully raise children, particularly boys. This was perpetuated in the life experiences of group participants even though the men occupying these roles were viewed by the male participants as destructive, rather than constructive, influences. Issues of supporting disciplining children and managing household operations were also indicated, as was the financial support provided by the bitterer. The group indicated all these issues were societal, rather than individual, and lack of addressing of them affected the effectiveness of the social services they had received. Overall, the participants were generally positive about at least one social worker with whom they had a relationship during their teenage years. Participants typically felt feeling most encouraged and best served by those social workers who did not present themselves as being distant or above the participants and their families, and who did not overly emphasise their familys issues from a perspective of individual dysfunction. These findings indicated that a feminist interactive construct, which avoids power over methods and practise is perceived to be most effective by domestic violence survivors. Recommendations It is recommended from findings of this study that social workers are first provided greater exposure to and training in feminist methods and theory as it relates to their practical, day-to-day practise. For example, all participants reported some positive experiences in response to reflective methods such as reflective journaling and survivor support groups. Considerations of ways to more greatly include such methods in typical practise are therefore indicated. Of greater concern are the systems in which social workers operate. Whilst most of the social workers in these focus group participants experiences had some familiarity with feminist theory or methods, as indicated by their emphasis on empowerment or use of specific strategies, there is something within the government-sponsored social services structure that prohibits practise truly based on feminist tenets. A sharp contrast was provided by the young woman served at a progressive, private service, where feminist theory was the obvious framework on which service was based. She was by far the most positive about her experiences and workers, and reported insights, understanding and empowerment to change not consistently reported by other focus group participants. It therefore recommended that more research be pursued as to what factors constrain social workers from functioning from a more feminist framework. Issues such as time (many social workers have far more people to see and serve than they would like to have, or often feel they can serve effectively), lack of material resources such as appropriate space, lack of effective training, or discouragement in such regards from supervisors or others in power. Specifically identifying relevant factors could then form a framework for progressing with change in social work practise within a typical government service organisation. It is further recommended that individual social workers consider what constraints they personally work under, and what constraints they place upon themselves as a result of the greater power structures of our society. Becoming aware of personal bias regarding traditional gender roles, for example, would assist the individual social worker in providing a more empowering and less conscripting environment in dealing with those they serve. The participants in the focus group, for example, agreed they were given issues to think about by the group interaction, and that greater consideration of pressures to conform in society and the assumed power of males would be items that, through analysis, could improve their social work practise. Similarly, becoming more cognisant of the far-reaching influences of patriarchy and accepted oppression of women in our society would also provide foundation from which social workers can both educate their clients and move them and others towards political action to correct such systemic issues. Conclusion In conclusion, whilst feminist theory and constructs have made evaluable impact on social work practise, those being served believe they would be better served by a greater inclusion and reliance on such practises. Social workers may personally or professionally espouse feminist framework, but are less likely to employ it in practise. This deprives both them and their clients of the most beneficial service. Social workers need to become more focused on relating the experiences of individuals to the broader power structures in our society, and dealing with their experiences in the context of these structures rather than as individual or pathological difficulties. Social workers, particularly in domestic violence situations, need to be cognisant of the effect of hegemonic gender roles on perpetuating such violence, as well as their own conscious or unconscious subscription touch roles. In short, feminism has made a valuable impact on social work practise, but could still be employed even more effectively to not only address the problems of individuals, but to work towards eliminating the patriarchal systems of oppression in our society that make situations such as domestic violence so common place. References Barns, A. 2003. Social Work, Young Women, and Femininity. Affiliate, Vol. 18, No. 2, Summer 2003, pp. 148-164. Barretti,M. 2001. Social Work, Women, and Feminism: A Review of Social WorkJournals, 1988-1997. Affilia, Vol. 16, No. 3, Fall 2001, pp. 266-294. Bell, P. and MacLeod, J. 1988. Bridging the Gap: Feminist DevelopmentWork in Glasgow. Feminist Review, No. 28, Spring 1988, pp. 136-143. Bem, S.L. 1995. Dismantling Gender Polarization and CompulsoryHeterosexuality: Should We Turn the Volume Down or Up? The Journal ofSex Research, Vol. 32, No. 4, pp. 329-334. Butler, J. 1990. Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity. Routledge: London. Carlson, B. 1997. A Stress and Coping Approach to Intervention withAbused Women. Family Relations, Vol. 46, No. 3, July 1997, pp. 291-298. Carr, E.S. 2003. Rethinking Empowerment Theory Using a Feminist Lens:The Importance of Process. Affilia, Vol. 18, No. 1, Spring 2003, pp.8-20. Cohn, C., Weber, C. 1999. Missions, Men and Masculiniti es. International Feminist Journal of Politics, 1999, pp. 460-475. Connell, R. 1995. Masculinities. Polity Press: Cambridge. Connell, R.W. 1993. Men and the Womens Movement. Social Policy, Summer 1993, Vol. 23, Issue 4, pp. 72-79. Cott, N.F. 1989. Comment on Karen Offens Defining Feminism: AComparative Historical Approach. Signs, Vol. 15, No. 1, Autumn 1989,pp. 203-205. Dietz, C. 2000. Responding to Oppression and Abuse: A FeministChallenge to Clinical Social Work. Affilia, Vol. 15, No. 3, Fall 2000,pp. 369-389. Dominelli, L. and McLeod, E. 1989. Feminist Social Work. Macmillan Education: London. Hammer, J. and Statham, D. 1999. Women and social work: Towards a woman-centered practice (2nd ed.). Macmillan: London. Hawkesworth, M. 1997. Confounding Gender. Signs, Vol. 22, No. 3, Spring 1997, pp. 649-685. Marchant, H. 1986. Gender, systems thinking and radical social work.In H. Marchant and B. Wearing (Eds.), Gender reclaimed: Women in socialwork, Hale and Iremonger: Sydney, Australia , pp. 14-32. Moylan, P. 2003. Teaching Peace: The Challenge of GenderedAssumptions. Peace and Change, Vol. 28, No. 4, October 2003, pp.570-574. Rabrenovic, G. and Roskos, L. 2001. Introduction: Civil Society,Feminism, and the Gendered Politics of War and Peace. NWSA Journal,Vol. 13, No. 2, Summer, pp. 40-54. Scott, J.W. 1988. Gender and the Politics of History. Columbia University Press, New York. Tickner, A.J. 1999. Why Women Cant Run the World: InternationalPolitics According to Francis Fukuyama. International Studies Review,Vol. 1, No. 3, pp. 311.

Use of Symbolism and Foreshadowing in Flannery OConnors...

The Use of Foreshadowing and Symbolism in â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† When an author writes a story, he or she will generally use different writing techniques to create the piece. These techniques have the ability to turn a story into something truly unique, as they allow the story to unfold in it’s own way. In the short story â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find†, author Flannery O’Connor used the techniques of symbolism and foreshadowing throughout the entire piece to create a deeply captivating story, as so many of the details mentioned in the beginning of the story are glimpses of the end. The foreshadowing in â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† can be seen almost immediately. Within the first paragraph, the protagonist known as â€Å"the†¦show more content†¦This is very specific foreshadowing, because in the end of the story, all five on the trip die, and it seems that will lead to the end of their family line. O’Connor also e xplains how the Grandmother dressed for the trip; she wore a navy dress, white gloves, and a formal hat. The reading states â€Å"In case of an accident, anyone seeing her dead on the highway would know at once that she was a lady.†(O’Connor 496). Not only is this foreshadowing, but the grandmother’s outfit can also be seen as a symbol of her skewed moral code and selfishness. When the grandmother carefully chose the outfit for this trip, she was solely concerned with how she would appear in the event that she died on her trip. She was not at all disturbed by the fact that, in the event that there was an accident, her son and grandchildren would die as well. In the same paragraph that discusses the grandmother’s outfit, the colors red, blue, purple, and green are introduced. These colors are mentioned for the first time when discussing the grandmother’s clothes and the mother’s kerchief, and they repeated throughout the entire story. A conne ction can certainly be seen with the grandmother’s blue dress, because when the reader is first introduced to The Misfit, he is wearing blue jeans, and after his sidekicks kill Bailey, they take his shirt embroidered with blue parrots. It may not be easy to pick up on the repetition of these colors, but they are mostShow MoreRelatedA Good Man Is Hard to Find: Summary 61451 Words   |  6 PagesFlannery OConnors story A Good Man is Hard to Find, is about a family taking a trip to Florida that all get killed by an escaped convict, how calls himself the Misfit, and two of his friends. In this story the reader may assume some of the men in the story is the man the title refers to, but as the story unfolds, and the family continues on their journey, every man on the story displays a considerable fault. With Regards to Flannery OConnors short story A Good Man is Hard to Find this essayRead MoreEssay about Painting a Portrait of Death811 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Painting a Po rtrait of Death† Death is inevitable to all forms of life. In giving birth to a typical family, Flannery O’Connor immediately sets the tone for their deaths, in the story, A Good Man is Hard To Find. OConnor’s play on words, symbolism and foreshadowing slowly paves the way for the family’s death. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;OConnor begins to paint the image of death with her presentation of the grandmother. As the family prepares for their adventure the grandmother carefullyRead MoreSymbolism, Irony, And Symbolism938 Words   |  4 PagesShe would of been a good woman, The Misfit said, if it had been somebody there to shoot her every minute of her life (O’Connor 153). 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The family is habitually mean to the grandmother, and the grandmother is a conceded, selfish human being. The misfit, another main character, is a criminal and is not a morally good person either. The central theme of the entire story is the concept of the word â€Å"good,† and what it takes to meet this expectationRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of O Connor s A Good Man Is Hard And Find 1245 Words   |  5 PagesAdria Corral English 1302 MWF 8:00 A.M. Religion and Morality In â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find†, Flannery O’Connor uses grotesque and flawed characters to reflect her own faith on the Roman Catholic Church. Set in the rural South during the 1950s, O’Connor takes readers on a journey from a satiric family comedy to a brutal cold blooded murder. An analysis of O’Connor’s use of religious symbolism and foreshadowing through characters and setting will be conducted in order to better understand her viewsRead MoreCritical Analysis on A Good Man Is Hard to Find2403 Words   |  10 PagesReligious Symbolism in A Good Man Is Hard To Find This paper will present a rhetorical context for the use of violence in the short story, A Good Man Is Hard to Find, as she presented in her essay The Element of Suspense. The form of classical tragedy in this story will also be analyzed from the critical theories of Aristotle and Longinus. Tolstoy will be used to examine the use Christian symbolism. Nietzsche will provide a more well-rounded universal conclusion to the uses of tragedy andRead More Symbolism in A Good Man Is Hard to Find by Flannery OConnor1967 Words   |  8 Pages in A Good Man Is Hard to Find Flannery O Connor uses symbolism to give more meaning to her short story. 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Bj;db; fjhk Free Essays

The biggest reason is the fact that direct democracy is the fairest and purest way of making decisions as it is entirely up to the people to decide. Whilst you would not regularly use referendums to deal with every issue that parliament would have to deal with, they are a very good way of dealing with a single, Important Issue. Referendums are also good for the electorate. We will write a custom essay sample on Bj;db; fjhk or any similar topic only for you Order Now Many people believe that voting In mineral elections is pointless, largely because they believe that their vote doesn’t really count In the grand scheme of things, especially If you live In an area where your party Is always voted In second. However with referendums, every vote counts, and the electorate recognize this and as a result turn out In massive numbers. This also strengthens the support of the political system In the people. It encourages people to become better educated In politics, whilst providing politicians with an insight into the electorate’s opinions. However there are also a large amount of disadvantages when it comes to referendums. The most obvious is that it blatantly undermines the representative democracy system used in this country, which generally works quite well. Many of the disadvantages with regards to referendums are evident in the current Scottish independence referendum. For example, if the result Is close, countries will often feel divided over the issue. This is the case in Scotland, where the polls indicate that the result is going to be very close, and there re definite tensions on the streets between the supporters of the two campaigns, with many no voters saying that they get abuse in the street if they biblically show their choice. There are problems with letting the public make such large decisions, as they will often be the wrong ones. People in this country tend to have ignorance towards politics, and so when these people are allowed to make such big decisions, they will often vote using their emotions, rather than choosing what is best. Ethan Mullet How to cite Bj;db; fjhk, Papers

Market Identification Essays - Marketing, Brand Management

Market Identification The main questions concerning market identification are provided in the opening quote of Rudyard Kipling- who, buys what,where, how and why?Regarding the main questions, David Tonks mentioned that market can be identified by using a mix of variables which can be grouped into two categories: 'general' and 'behaviour' (1995:3).Table1 shows the different types of 'general' and 'behavior' variables.The trem'general' is used for those variables which define and describe the customers but which do not identify in a direct way acts of purchase, acquistion or consumption.They thus answer the question 'who?.For instance, TV region is a general variable which may or may not be associated with some aspects of buying,owning, or consumption. 'Behaviour' variables answer the left question- what do people buy and where,when,how and why do they buy it?For instance,usage rate for a particular brand is a behaviour variable since it concerns a particular characteristic of consumption. insert taBLE HERE Regarding that market can be identified by using a mix of variables,There are 3 keys to identify market:1)which behaviour variabless can be used 2)which general variables can be used 3)which mix of behaviour and general variables can be used. 1.Which behaviour variables can be used? A first level scan of a market to identify suitable variables should create the form of a list to establish all significant possibilities.Im most cases,the following will be the most useful(David Tonks,1995). 1)Benefit sought: -What particular benefits or needs do they expext from the product? 2)Perception and attitudes: How is the product perceived and what are the attidudes towards the product? 3)Product preferences: What do they prefer and how do they choose between brands? 4)Product usage/purchase rates: Are they non-users, medium users, heavy users? Are they solus users in that they only buy one brand? 5)User/buyer status: Are they current users, former users, non-users, potential users, regular users, first time users? Are the buyers of interest as well as the users? 6)Loyalty status: What degree of brand loyalty do they display?Is it strong,medium,weak? 7)Marketing factor sensitivity? How do they resond to the various marketing influences? Are they susceptibly to price or to advertising? 8)Purchase situation and occasion: Is it an impulse or considered purchase?Is the context social or business?What is the setting for the purchase? 9)Media habits: What media are they exposed to? The last category,Media habits,is a behaviour varible which is not,At least not directly, relevant to the product in question.It is this category which provides an important link with the general variables. From this list, a target segment for men 's aftershave lotion might be identified as potential low brand invovlement and loyalty, who buy on impulse, who are price sensitive and who read particular specialist magazines.May permutations are possible and at this stage, the choice can be considerable.For a broad understanding of the market and its component parts, benefit sought, purchase and usage patterns and brand loyalty will be important. Which general variables can be used? These variables are very improtant to trraget market.Again,there is a mix of measures.In most cases,we usually categorize these measures by objective of them. Geographical region It is very common in marketing to use geographical region to identify market.TV regions have the specific advantage of allowing relatively easy and perhapscheap access to desired target audience.Furthermore,some buying behaviour is strongly relevant to region. Of some interesting,as for multinational brands or global brands,target market is identified crossing geographical boundaries. Demographics Demographics contains the familiar variables of age,sex,social grade,family size,family life cycle, income, occupation, terminal education age, religion, race and nationality.Generally,All these variables have advantages with geographical area.First,they are quite easy to measure compared with some other variable types.Second,they are easy to understand.Third,they are well established.However,the issue extent to which they can discriminate buying behaviour in some way which is useful to the organization implementing a policy of target marketing.For instance,if the concern is with differtiating between users and non-users of men's aftershave lotion then taking a demographic such as age will be of little value if the age profiles of users and non-users are identical. Particularly,family life cycle and social grade are significant ganeral descriptive variables. insert table 2 here While age merely will often discriminate buying behaviour,the existence of children in a family unit will be a prime determinant of lifestyle and later buying behaviour.Table 2 shows a typical transformation of the population into conventional life- cycle segments.With this classification, the 'young, post-family'segment could be interesting to many organization since it contains high income. In the UK,social grade

Jane Eyre - Analysis of Nature essays

Jane Eyre - Analysis of Nature essays Charlotte Bronte makes use of nature imagery throughout "Jane Eyre," and comments on both the human relationship with the outdoors and human nature. The Oxford Reference Dictionary defines "nature" as "1. the phenomena of the physical world as a whole . . . 2. a thing's essential qualities; a person's or animal's innate character . . . 4. vital force, functions, or needs." We will see how "Jane Eyre" Several natural themes run through the novel, one of which is the image of a stormy sea. After Jane saves Rochester's life, she gives us the following metaphor of their relationship: "Till morning dawned I was tossed on a buoyant but unquiet sea . . . I thought sometimes I saw beyond its wild waters a shore . . . now and then a freshening gale, wakened by hope, bore my spirit triumphantly towards the bourne: but . . . a counteracting breeze blew off land, and continually drove me back." The gale is all the forces that prevent Jane's union with Rochester. Later, Bront, whether it be intentional or not, conjures up the image of a buoyant sea when Rochester says of Jane: "Your habitual expression in those days, Jane, was . . . not buoyant." In fact, it is this buoyancy of Jane's relationship with Rochester that keeps Jane afloat at her time of crisis in the heath: "Why do I struggle to retain a valueless life? Because I know, or Another recurrent image is Bront's treatment of Birds. We first witness Jane's fascination when she reads Bewick's History of British Birds as a child. She reads of "death-white realms" and "'the solitary rocks and promontories'" of sea-fowl. We quickly see how Jane identifies with the bird. For her it is a form of escape, the idea of flying above the toils of every day life. Several times the narrator talks of feeding birds crumbs. Perhaps Bront is telling us that this idea of escape is no more than a fantasy-one ca...

Microsoft Word Tips Adjusting Paragraph Spacing

Microsoft Word Tips Adjusting Paragraph Spacing Microsoft Word Tips: Adjusting Paragraph Spacing The space between paragraphs is important for professional formatting. Some style guides will even specify the paragraph spacing to use in a document. But how does this work in Microsoft Word? Paragraph Spacing Basics Paragraph spacing refers to the space between paragraphs in a document. And while you could add a manual blank line to divide paragraphs by hitting â€Å"Enter† on your keyboard, it is much easier and neater to let the formatting options in Microsoft Word do this for you! The quickest way to do this is via the Paragraph section of the Home tab on the ribbon: Select the text you want to format Go to Home Paragraph and click Line and Paragraph Spacing The spacing menu. Choose Add Space Before Paragraph or Add Space After Paragraph This will add a default space in the place selected. If the text has already been formatted, you will instead have the option to Remove Space Before Paragraph or Remove Space After Paragraph. Custom Paragraph Spacing If you want more control over the spacing in your document, you have two main options. The first is to open the Paragraph menu. You can do this via the Paragraph section of the Home tab: Open the Line and Paragraph Spacing dropdown menu Click Line Spacing Options†¦ In the window that opens, go to the Spacing section Adjust the values in the Before and After fields as required The main paragraph menu. Your second option is to use the Layout tab on the main ribbon. To do this: Go to Layout and find the Paragraph section Adjust the values in the Before and After fields as required Spacing options in the Layout tab. Typically, for text with a font size of 10-12 pts, you will want a spacing value between 6-8 pts. An Alternative Approach Finally, there is another way to control spacing in Microsoft Word. This is accessed via the Design tab on the main ribbon. Here, in the Document Formatting section, you’ll find a Paragraph Spacing dropdown menu with pre-set options to adjust the spacing in your document. Paragraph Spacing in the Design tab. However, this applies spacing throughout your entire document and also controls line spacing. It therefore offers much less customization than the methods described above.

Breast Cancer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Breast Cancer - Essay Example When transcription is not sufficiently balanced, it becomes detrimental to the cell and can cause cancer (Cox & Goding, 1991). It is therefore important to secure a comprehensive understanding of transcription because efforts to carry out corrections to the process can be implemented in instances when issues in the process are apparent. Discussed specifically, the first stage of the transcription process, is seen when the RNA Polymerase-Promoter Complex would bind to the promoter gene in the DNA (Mukakami, et.al., 2001). Such binding also leads to the initiation of the RNA polymerase. The sigma protein has to be present in order for the promoter enzyme to work. Particular sequences on the non-coding strand of the DNA are considered as a signal which would start the unwinding process (Mukakami, et.al., 2001). When the process has been started, the RNA polymerase elongation enzyme then takes over and the second stage of the transcription process manifests. ... f the transcription process or the termination stage the uracil triphosphate or the UTP is added to the RNA through a pairing with the adenine (A) nucleotide on the template DNA strand (Gnatt, et.al., 2001). A phosphodiester bond is then formed and the RNA chain is stretched to 10 nucleotides; the excess diphosphate is expected to dissociate (Gnatt, et.al., 2001). A recent study in embryonic stem cells has revealed a transcription control mechanism that is pervasive and regulated by the gene c-Myc which causes cancer. This study has also discovered a pausing step in the transcription process which regulates the expression of about 80% of genes in mammal cells (Medical News, 2010). The long-accepted perception is that DNA-binding transcription factors include the RNA polymerase Pol II to promoters in order to start off the transcription process. Researchers now claim that additional factors for promoters stop transcription as soon as it begins its process (Medical News, 2010). This means that even as the normal cell processes are being carried out transcription already has faulty qualities. There is a need to engage the transcription process - and this can be a function of factor c-Myc. The pause-release role of the c-Myc is relevant in transcription because over-expression of c-Myc is seen in different tumors and the c-Myc's failure to releas e transcriptional pausing is associated with the increase of cancer cells (Medical News, 2010). These results from various studies are however, still not definitive. I am now interested in investigating the relationship of the over-expression of c-Myc in causing tumors, or more particularly, breast cancer. I propose that c-Myc has a major role in causing tumors, including breast cancer.

Bioinformatics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Bioinformatics - Essay Example To function correctly, each cell depends on thousands of proteins to function in the right places at the right times. When a mutation alters a protein that plays a critical role in the body, a medical condition can result. A condition caused by mutations in one or more genes is called a genetic disorder. Some mutations alter a gene's DNA base sequence but do not change the function of the protein made by the gene. Studies in the fly Drosophila melanogaster suggest that if a mutation does change a protein, this will probably be harmful, with about 70 percent of these mutations having damaging effects, and the remainder being either neutral or weakly beneficial (Sawyer , et al 2007).If a mutation is present in a germ cell, it can give rise to offspring that carries the mutation in all of its cells. This is the case in hereditary diseases. On the other hand, a mutation can occur in a somatic cell of an organism. Such mutations will be present in all descendants of this cell, and certain mutations can cause the cell to become malignant, and thus cause cancer (Ionov , et al 1993). Although many mutations are deleterious, mutations may have a positive effect given certain selective pressures in a population. For example, a specific 32 base pair deletion in human CCR5 (CCR5-32) confers HIV resistance to homozygotes and delays AIDS onset in heterozygotes(Sawyer , et al 2007). The CCR5 mutation is more common in those of European descent. One theory for the etiology of the relatively high frequency of CCR5-32 in the European population is that it conferred resistance to the bubonic plague in mid-14th century Europe. People who had this mutation were able to survive infection; thus, its frequency in the population increased(Ionov , et al 1993). It could also explain why this mutation is not found in Africa where the bubonic plague never reached. Newer theory says the selective pressure on the CCR5 Delta 32 mutation has been caused by smallpox instead of the bubonic plague(Galvani and Slatkin, 2003). - Render the alignment into a box-shaded diagram. Identify the position of the mutation on the multiple sequence alignment. Can you deduce anything from these data Check that your sequences are appropriately gapped . 3'-AA/860 bp insert : 5'-TTTCATGA----- //----- TCATGAAA-3' 3'-AAAGTACT----- //----- AGTACTTT-5' 3'-TT/860 bp insert : 5'-AATCATGA----- //----- TCATGATT-3' 3'-TTAGTACT----- //----- AGTACTAA-5' 3'-CC/860 bp insert : 5'-GGTCATGA----- //----- TCATGACC-3' 3'-CCAGTACT----- //----- AGTACTGG-5' 3'-GG/860 bp insert : 5'-CCTCATGA----- //----- TCATGAGG-3' 3'-GGAGTACT----- //----- AGTACTCC-5' Note that for each respective PCR product, the last eight bases at each 3'-end of the DNA are identical. Also note that only the first two and the last two base pair positions vary between the four PCR products. The PCR products were designed in this way to directly measure the effect of 3'-base composition on blunt vector and T-vector efficiency (Novy, Yaeger, and Kolb, 2008). From the human protein sequence, present any Prosite motif and conserved sequence domains in a sequence diagram. Identify the position of the mutation on the diagram. Can you deduce anything from these data Representative Sequence Length Mass (Da) A2QKA5 Checksum: FF7C4CB42EEB5629 385 41,846 10 20

John Keats, La Belle Dame Sans Essay -- essays research papers fc

John Keats is a great British poet. He has written many popular poems. La Belle Dame sans Merci is a ballad that was written in 1819. In this ballad, the knight is deceived by the woman he meets. He falls in love with this woman instantly and is convinced that she too is in love with him. The woman makes the knight fall for her by making herself beautiful. The woman deceives the knight into trusting her and then when she takes him to her cave, she breaks his heart by leaving him after the knight wakes up from a nightmare. The first stanza of this ballad describes the knight as being lonely in the wilderness. A Alone and palely loitering. @ The knight is alone and wandering around on his horse. A And no birds sing. @ In this sentence he describes his sadness because the singing of birds is associated with happiness and the birds are not singing. So haggard and so woe-begone? The squirrel=s granary is full, And the harvest=s done. In this quote the knight is troubled because everything is going as it is supposed to, the granary is full and the harvest is done. This is why the knight is also sad and roaming around on his horse. In the next stanza, the knight is described as exhausted in appearance and afflicted. â€Å"And on thy cheeks a fading rose fast withereth too.† The colour of his skin is fading away, and he is dying. I met a lady in the meads Full beautiful - a faery=s child. Her hair was long, her foot was light, And her eyes were wild. In this stanza, the knight meet...

A Barred Owl and the History Teacher Essay

  Ã¢â‚¬Å"A Barred Owl† vs. â€Å"The History Teacher† Essay and  analysis â€Å"A Barred Owl† by Richard Wilbur and â€Å"The History Teacher† by Billy Collins both have adults lying to children. A childish tone is given off in â€Å"A Barred Owl† that helps the reader relate to the child’s fear while an ironic and sarcastic tone is given off in â€Å"The History Teacher† to show how the teacher’s attempt to keep the kids innocent quickly turns the kids’ thoughts from innocent to ignorance. Literary devices used by the authors guide the reader into seeing the effects of the adults’ lies, despite their good intentions.The childish tone of â€Å"A Barred Owl† is kept through the constant rhyming in the poem like â€Å"boom†¦room† and â€Å"heard†¦bird†. The rhyming combined with the childish tone helps put the reader in the frame of mind of the child and how the child thinks. When the owl makes noise, the parents say it’s the owl asking â€Å"Who cooks for you? â⠂¬  The child will think of her parents each time the owl makes noise, hereby deterring the child’s immense fear of the owl outside her window. The lies given off accommodate with the childish tone and help the reader look at the fear from the child’s point of view. The History Teacher† has the ironic and sarcastic tone that shows the teacher’s lack of an actual lesson. Each lesson the teacher gives, he wants to â€Å"protect his students’ innocence†. The lessons, which are presented as metaphors, contribute to the ironic and sarcastic due to the fact that the serious lessons are compared to trivial things that in no way relate to the actual topic. Even the teacher is affected by the irony and sarcasm as he walks home and sees the â€Å"flower beds and white picket fences† as confirmation that everything is perfect in the world.Again, the teacher compares something small to something bigger that he assumes. Danger presents itself in à ¢â‚¬Å"A Barred Owl† and adds a darker/dangerous tone. The combination of the dangerous tone and the childish tone, which is continued through the rhyming, shows the child’s point of view of the outside night. Although the child was comforted by her parents, she is still frighten she is and shows that she needs to be protected. In â€Å"The History Teacher†, after the lessons taught by the teacher, the children â€Å"leave his classroom for the playground to torment the weak and the smart†.This shows how the teacher isn’t teaching any real lessons for the children to learn from and use in life and shows the continuity of the ironic and sarcastic tone. The poems â€Å"A Barred Owl† by Richard Wilbur and â€Å"The History Teacher† by Billy Collins each show adults lying to children. Using different literary devices in each poem, both authors demonstrate the effects of the children being lied to. â€Å"A Barred Owl† relates the auth or to the child’s fear in the childish tone given off while â€Å"The History Teacher† gives an ironic and sarcastic tone to show the children’s innocence turn to ignorance.

Abstinence Only Education and Sex Education in the U.S.

When the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention announced in April 2012 that teen birth rates in the U.S. hit a new low in 2010 and revealed which states had the highest and lowest rates, it prompted a question: Were these outcomes affected by individual states requirements for sex education (sex ed) and/or abstinence-only education? That was soon answered by the Guttmacher Institutes State Policies in Brief paper on Sex and HIV Education in May 2012. The institute has kept the numbers constantly updated since as the trend of lowered teen birth rates has continued to drop nationwide. Required Sex and/or HIV Education Sex ed is mandated in 24 states and the District of Columbia. Of that total, the following 22 states and the District of Columbia mandate both sex ed and HIV education: CaliforniaDelawareGeorgiaHawaiiIowaKentuckyMaineMarylandMinnesotaMontanaNevadaNew JerseyNew MexicoNorth CarolinaOhioOregonRhode IslandSouth CarolinaTennesseeUtahVermontWest Virginia Two states mandate sex ed only: MississippiNorth Dakota HIV education is mandated in 34 states and the District of Columbia. Of that total, 12 mandate only HIV education: AlabamaConnecticutIllinoisIndianaMichiganMissouriNew HampshireNew YorkOklahomaPennsylvaniaWashingtonWisconsin Must Include Contraception When sex ed is taught, some states have specific content requirements. In addition to the District of Columbia, 18 states require that information on contraception be provided when sex education is taught: AlabamaCaliforniaColoradoDelawareHawaiiIllinoisMaineMarylandNew JerseyNew MexicoNorth CarolinaOregonRhode IslandSouth CarolinaVermontVirginiaWashingtonWest Virginia One state allows local schools to include contraception with the permission of the State Department of Education: Mississippi Must Include Abstinence When sex ed is taught, 37 states require that information on abstinence is provided. Of those, 26 states require that abstinence be stressed: AlabamaArizonaArkansasDelawareFloridaGeorgiaIllinoisIndianaKentuckyLouisianaMaineMichiganMississippiMissouriNew JerseyNorth CarolinaOhioOklahomaOregonRhode IslandSouth CarolinaTennesseeTexasUtahWashingtonWisconsin These 11 states require only that abstinence is covered during sex education: CaliforniaColoradoHawaiiMarylandMinnesotaMontanaNew MexicoNorth DakotaVermontVirginiaWest Virginia No Mandate There are nine states with no sex education or HIV education mandate: ArizonaArkansasColoradoFloridaIdahoLouisianaMassachusettsTexasVirginia Five of the states listed above also rank among the top 12 states with the highest teenage birth rates, and four rank in the top 6 (ranking indicated in parentheses): Mississippi (1)Arkansas (3)Texas (4)Louisiana (6)Arizona (12) An earlier report issued by the Guttmacher Institute in September 2006 compiled teen pregnancy statistics state by state. Among the top 10 states with the highest rates of teen pregnancy among females age 15-19, five are states without mandated sex education or HIV education (ranking indicated in parentheses): Arizona (2)Mississippi (3)Texas (5)Florida (6)Arkansas (10) That same report ranked the top 10 states with the highest rates of live births among teenage girls age 15-19. Again, five are states that do not require sex ed to be taught in schools. If and when it is taught, these states do not require information on contraception be provided, but they do require that abstinence be stressed (ranking indicated in parentheses): Mississippi (1)Texas (2)Arizona (3)Arkansas (4)Louisiana (7) Only one state that does not mandate sex education or HIV education appears in the listing of states with the lowest teenage birth rates: Massachusetts ranked at number 2. Sources Guttmacher Institute, State Policies in Brief: Sex and HIV Education. Office of Adolescent Health, Trends in Teen Pregnancy and Childbearing